All calculations are based on information and procedudres from the books:
1) "Zubda-tut-Tawqueet" by Mufti Syed Muhammed Afzal Hussain (former Mufti of Markaz-e-Ahle-Sunnat Manzar-ul-Islam, Bareily Shariff, UP, India)
2) "The Old Farmer's 1999 Alamnac" by Robert B. Thomas
Prepared under the guidance of Mufti of Dallas (Texas,USA), Honorable Allama Ahmed-ul-Qaderi Razawi
PS: All the calculations were verified with the US Naval Observatory's data.
For safety add 5 minutes after start time & substract 5 minutes from ending time for sahari & all prayer times; add only 2 minutes after start time for Maghrib & Iftar.
"Zawal Begins" = End time for Ishraq & Chasht.
Makhruh time is between "Zawal Begin" & "Zuhr".
Niyyat for Ramadhan & Nafl fasting (saum) can be done until "Zawal Begin".
For timings of Mumbai, check this website.http://www.islamicacademy.org/html/Times/Mumbai.htm
